Florence Knoll

One of the most innovative architects and designers of our time, Florence Knoll had a profound influence on more than 50 years of interiors, especially the modern office. An early protégée of Eero Saarinen, whom she met while studying at the Kingswood School on the campus of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, Florence went on to study architecture at Cranbrook. From there, she earned degrees at the Architectural Association in London and the Armour Institute (Illinois Institute of Technology) in Chicago. While in Chicago, Florence studied with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, for what she called “a very valuable year.” She worked briefly in Boston for Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer, and while working in New York for Wallace K. Harrison, she met Hans Knoll, who asked her to design an office for former Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. Additional jobs with Hans Knoll followed, and in 1946, Florence and Hans married and became the driving forces behind Knoll Associates, Inc.

Florence is famous for her philosophy of “total design,” and as the director of the Knoll Planning Unit she revolutionized interior space planning. Her approach of embracing everything about a space – architecture, interior design, graphics, textiles and manufacturing – was not the standard practice in space planning, but it caught on and continues to be the standard today. Florence was also a furniture designer, as well as a great eye for talent. It was under her leadership that many of the modern masters created collections for Knoll. These legacies include Eero Saarinen’s Tulip™ chairs and pedestal tables, and Harry Bertoia’s wire furniture.

In 2002, Florence Knoll was accorded the National Endowment for the Arts’ prestigious National Medal of Arts.